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Yowsup is a Python library to use the famous messaging system Whatsapp also on devices other than the usual smartphones.
Both the installation and the configuration are quite simple and with the following directions I'm sure You will have no problems. Otherwise You can try to contact me and I will see if I can help You somehow.

To connect to the Whatsapp server You need a telephone number able to receive sms and that is not already in use to connect to Whatsapp on another device as this will violate their terms of use.
Personally I used the number of the card in my tablet. If You wish to do the same way, be sure that the table can receive sms. If not You will have to move the card from the tablet to a phone. When the configuration is finished it can be put on the tablet again.

Let's see how to install the library. For the following instructions I assume You accessed with the default user (pi).

First or all You must have Debian updated. To be sure just use the following instructions:

sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get update

You have to install the python library dateutil, used by Yowsup:

sudo apt-get install python-dateutil

Now You can download Yowsup using the following command:

git clone git://github.com/tgalal/yowsup.git

If everything gone well, in few seconds You will find the folder yowsup inside Your home (/home/pi).
Now You have to create a configuration file to access Whatsapp. This fill will be modified again after authenticating the telephone number.

cd yowsup/src
nano config

Type the following rows, changing the xxxx with the phone number You wish to use. For now just ignore the yyyy. Save using CTRL-O and exit with CTRL-X.

cc=39
phone=39xxxxxxxxxx
id=0000000000
password=yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy=

The 39 in the first row and at the beginning of the second are the country code. For Italy it's +39 (or 0039). This code must be put without any extra character.

Let's request the access to Whatsapp by asking for the code via sms (the sim card must be placed in a device able to receive sms, of course):

python yowsup-cli -c config.example -r sms

If there are no problems You will receive the sms with a 3+3 characters code. Now use it to get the access password typing the following command:

python yowsup-cli -c config --register 123-456

Use the received code insted of 123-456.

The library will answer with something like this:

status: ok
kind: free
pw: jg7w4fewhb7TFGErcm2sQCfSLgXM=
price: 0,89
price_expiration: 1362803446
currency: EUR
cost: 0.89
expiration: 1391344106
login: 39xxxxxxx
type: new

Copy the text after pw: and use it to replace the yyyy in the config file previously created:

cc=39
phone=39xxxxxxxxxx
id=0000000000
password=jg7w4fewhb7TFGErcm2sQCfSLgXM=

If You did everyting right You can finally try to send the first Whatsapp message from Your Raspberry:

python yowsup-cli -c config.example -w -s destination "Message"

Replace destination with the number where You wish to send the message, with the country code (39 for Italy). Quotes surrounding the message are mandatory!

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These are the RPi sections:
F.A.Q.
Base
SiriProxy
C64 emulator
Web server
Installing Yowsup
Using Whatsapp